1. V-shaped groove
The V-shaped groove is the most widely used groove type, and its shape is similar to the English letter "V". The V-shaped groove is simple to process and low in cost, and is particularly suitable for occasions where the pipe wall thickness does not exceed 12mm. The angle of the V-shaped groove is usually between 60° and 70°, and the root of the groove is often provided with a blunt edge with a thickness of about 2mm to prevent the root from burning through. This groove form is convenient for processing and welding, but it is easy to produce angular deformation after welding.
2. U-shaped J-shaped groove
U-shaped J-shaped groove is suitable for high-pressure steel pipe welding, especially for occasions where the pipe wall thickness is 20~60mm. The amount of filler metal of U-shaped and J-shaped grooves is much smaller than that of V-shaped grooves under the condition of the same weldment thickness, which helps to improve welding efficiency. However, the processing difficulty of U-shaped and J-shaped grooves is relatively high, and the processing cost is relatively high. The root of the groove is also provided with a blunt edge to increase the space at the root of the groove and facilitate the penetration of the root.
3. I-type groove
I-type groove, also known as non-grooved groove, is suitable for pipe welding with a wall thickness of less than 3.5mm. This groove form does not actually require processing of the pipe. As long as the verticality of the pipe cut can meet the gap requirements of the butt joint, butt welding can be performed directly. Therefore, I-type groove is the simplest to process and has the lowest cost.
4. K-type and X-type groove
K-type and X-type grooves are a more complex groove form. They consist of two relative V-shaped grooves, and the shape is similar to the English letters "K" and "X". K-type and X-type grooves are suitable for thicker weldments and increase the welding strength by increasing the cross-sectional area of the weld. Compared with the V-type groove, K-type and X-type grooves can reduce the amount of weld metal, and can be welded symmetrically, with less residual deformation after welding. However, the processing and welding process of K-type and X-type grooves is relatively complex, requiring higher technical level and equipment support.
The groove machine can process a variety of different groove shapes to meet the needs of different material thicknesses, welding quality requirements and specific application scenarios. Each groove shape has its unique advantages and applicable scope. Choosing the appropriate groove shape is crucial to ensure welding quality and efficiency.
